Successful Startups in Greece After the Economic Crisis
When people think of Greece’s financial crisis, the image that often comes to mind is unemployment, austerity measures, and economic hardship. Yet, out of that challenging environment, a wave of innovation and entrepreneurship emerged. The rise of successful startups in Greece after the crisis proves that resilience and creativity can thrive even in the harshest conditions.
During the toughest years of the crisis, many young Greeks faced a lack of job opportunities. Instead of leaving the country, a significant number chose to build their own ventures. This entrepreneurial spirit led to the birth of companies such as e-Food, which transformed the food delivery market, and Blueground, which redefined long-term rentals worldwide. These businesses not only solved pressing local problems but also built scalable models that could expand globally.
Moosend is another example founded in the middle of the downturn, it managed to grow into a global competitor in the email marketing industry. Similarly, Doctoranytime addressed the inefficiencies of the Greek healthcare system by providing patients with easy, transparent access to doctors. These stories highlight an important lesson: crises are not just setbacks; they can be catalysts for innovation.
Crises force innovation: Startups in Greece tackled urgent problems with simple but effective solutions.
Local focus became a launchpad: Meeting domestic needs first allowed them to scale internationally later.
Youth-driven risk-taking was essential: A new generation of founders powered the shift.
Digital-first models reduced costs and accelerated growth.
Post-crisis challenge Startup solution
High unemployment Job creation through startup growth
Healthcare inefficiencies Platforms like Doctoranytime
Reduced consumer spending Affordable online services like e-Food
Lack of funding Attracting venture capital and angel investors
Ultimately, the wave of successful startups in Greece born out of the economic crisis reshaped the country’s economy and global reputation. In the next section, we’ll explore how these startups managed to attract investors and scale their impact.
Insights from “A Phoenix Rising” reveal how cities like Athens and Thessaloniki have become fertile grounds for successful startups in Greece
How Successful Startups in Greece Attract Investors
Attracting investment has always been one of the greatest challenges for early-stage companies, especially in regions hit hard by economic instability. Yet, many successful startups in Greece managed to draw both domestic and international investors despite the country’s financial turbulence. Their ability to secure funding highlights the importance of strategy, credibility, and global ambition.
One key factor was timing. As the Greek economy began stabilizing in the late 2010s, venture capital firms and angel investors started seeking new opportunities in underexplored markets. Athens and Thessaloniki emerged as innovation hubs where talent was abundant and costs were relatively low. This combination made Greek startups attractive to investors who were eager to find the “next big thing” outside of oversaturated ecosystems like Silicon Valley.
Another factor was the maturity of the founders themselves. Many of them had international education or work experience and understood the expectations of global investors. For example, Blueground impressed investors by demonstrating a scalable business model in real estate, while Moosend attracted attention with its affordable but powerful SaaS product. Both cases show that investors are willing to back Greek startups when they see strong leadership, product-market fit, and international potential.
Clear value proposition: Greek startups focused on solving specific problems with measurable results.
Global mindset: Many founders pitched their companies as international ventures from day one.
Proof of traction: Metrics such as user adoption, revenue growth, and customer satisfaction were highlighted early.
Networking: Participation in accelerators, pitch events, and European startup competitions gave them visibility.
Investor Concern Startup Strategy
Economic instability in Greece Targeting international markets for growth
Lack of proven exits Showcasing success stories like Beat (acquired by Free Now)
Market size limitations Positioning products as scalable across Europe and beyond
Trust in founders Experienced teams with international exposure
Investor interest in successful startups in Greece is also supported by government-backed programs and EU funding, which reduce risks and encourage early-stage investment. As more success stories emerge, investor confidence continues to grow. Next, we’ll look at one of the most prominent industries where Greek startups have thrived: tourism.
Top Successful Startups in Greece in the Tourism Industry
Tourism has always been the beating heart of the Greek economy, contributing nearly 25% of the country’s GDP. It’s no surprise that some of the most successful startups in Greece emerged from this sector, building innovative solutions that directly support travelers, property owners, and the wider hospitality industry. By leveraging technology, these startups not only improved the visitor experience but also helped Greece maintain its position as one of the world’s most attractive destinations.
One of the standout examples is Syncbnb, a platform that helps property owners manage short-term rentals across multiple booking sites. By solving the problem of double bookings, it gave hosts peace of mind while maximizing their revenue. Another major player is Blueground, which reinvented long-term rentals by offering fully furnished apartments for professionals and digital nomads. These companies reflect how Greek entrepreneurs used technology to turn tourism challenges into scalable global solutions.
Tourism-focused startups also benefited from Greece’s unique positioning. With millions of visitors every year, the demand for efficient booking systems, transparent pricing, and high-quality accommodations was already there. Startups stepped in to fill gaps that traditional operators overlooked. Their growth was further accelerated by international travelers who became early adopters of digital services, helping Greek companies test and expand their models globally.
Syncbnb: Eliminated double-booking issues for property owners.
Blueground: Brought a new level of flexibility to long-term housing for expats and professionals.
Workathlon: Focused on recruiting talent for hotels and tourism businesses.
Welcome Pickups: Offered personalized airport transfers and travel experiences for tourists.
Tourism Challenge Startup Solution
Overbooked rentals Syncbnb’s real-time synchronization
Lack of flexible accommodation Blueground’s fully furnished apartments
Shortage of qualified staff Workathlon’s targeted recruitment
Uncoordinated visitor services Welcome Pickups’ integrated travel experience
The success of these companies shows that tourism remains fertile ground for innovation. With Greece continuing to attract millions of travelers annually, startups that improve the travel experience or optimize operations for businesses are likely to find both domestic and international success. In the next section, we’ll shift our focus to how Greek tech startups are expanding globally.
Best Tech Successful Startups in Greece Expanding Globally
While tourism has been a natural sector for Greek entrepreneurship, the country has also produced several groundbreaking technology companies that scaled beyond national borders. These successful startups in Greece prove that innovation in software, SaaS, and digital platforms can compete on a global stage and attract international customers.
One of the best-known examples is Moosend, a SaaS email marketing platform that grew from Athens into a global player. Competing against giants like Mailchimp and HubSpot, Moosend stood out by offering simplicity, automation, and affordability, making it especially attractive for small and medium-sized businesses worldwide. Its growth is a testament to the fact that Greek startups can not only survive but also thrive in competitive international markets.
Another remarkable success is Beat (formerly Taxibeat), the ride-hailing app founded in Athens. Beat expanded across Latin America and became one of the most downloaded transport apps in the region before being acquired by Free Now (backed by BMW and Daimler). This acquisition remains one of the biggest exits in the Greek startup ecosystem and has inspired many entrepreneurs to think globally from day one.
Other tech startups such as Softomotive (robotic process automation, acquired by Microsoft) and Pollfish (mobile survey platform, acquired by Prodege) further highlight the international competitiveness of Greek innovation. These exits not only validated the capabilities of Greek founders but also brought much-needed capital and confidence back into the ecosystem.
Moosend: Affordable, powerful email marketing SaaS competing globally.
Beat: Ride-hailing app that became a Latin American success story.
Softomotive: Leader in robotic process automation, acquired by Microsoft.
Pollfish: Mobile-first survey platform with global clients, later acquired by Prodege.
Startup Industry Global Impact
Moosend Email Marketing SaaS Thousands of users worldwide
Beat Ride-hailing Dominant in Latin America, acquired by Free Now
Softomotive RPA (Automation) Acquired by Microsoft in 2020
Pollfish Mobile Surveys Expanded globally, acquired by Prodege
These companies highlight that Greece is not just a tourism-focused economy; it is also producing tech startups that are recognized and acquired by some of the largest companies in the world. In the next section, we’ll dive into the funding landscape and examine the opportunities available for successful startups in Greece.
Funding Opportunities for Successful Startups in Greece
Access to funding is one of the most critical elements for startup success. Over the past decade, Greece has made significant progress in building a stronger financial ecosystem for entrepreneurs. As a result, many successful startups in Greece have secured the resources they need to grow, scale internationally, and attract top talent.
After the economic crisis, European Union funds and government-backed programs played a vital role in revitalizing the startup ecosystem. Initiatives such as EquiFund provided venture capital to early-stage companies across different sectors, helping to de-risk investments for private investors. This influx of capital encouraged the creation of specialized venture capital funds focusing on technology, tourism, and healthcare.
Alongside institutional funding, angel investors and accelerators became increasingly active in Athens and Thessaloniki. Programs such as Endeavor Greece, Egg (Enter-Grow-Go), and ACEin supported startups not only with funding but also with mentorship, office space, and global networking opportunities. These initiatives gave young founders the tools and confidence to launch globally competitive ventures.
EU-backed venture funds: EquiFund and Horizon programs provide crucial seed and growth-stage capital.
Local VC firms: Marathon Venture Capital and Big Pi Ventures focus on scaling Greek startups internationally.
Accelerators: Egg and ACEin offer early-stage funding, mentoring, and training.
Angel investors: Growing presence of local and diaspora angels investing in Greek founders.
Funding Source Type Impact on Startups
EquiFund EU-backed VC program Boosted seed and growth-stage funding
Marathon Venture Capital Local VC firm Invested in global tech startups
Egg Accelerator Incubator/Accelerator Provided mentorship and early-stage capital
Angel Networks Private investors Gave flexible funding and strategic advice
While challenges remain—such as limited exit opportunities and dependence on EU programs—the funding environment is far more supportive than it was a decade ago. This financial backing is crucial in helping successful startups in Greece move beyond survival and achieve sustainable growth. In the next section, we’ll see how these startups are not just funded but also transforming entire sectors such as healthcare.
Successful Startups in Greece Revolutionizing Healthcare
Healthcare is one of the most vital sectors for any society, and in Greece, the economic crisis exposed several weaknesses: long waiting times, lack of transparency, and inefficiencies in connecting patients with doctors. Out of these challenges, a wave of successful startups in Greece emerged, determined to make healthcare more accessible, affordable, and digital-first. Their innovations not only solved local problems but also created scalable models with global relevance.
A standout example is Doctoranytime, which simplified the process of booking medical appointments by providing patients with transparent pricing, verified reviews, and instant online scheduling. By digitizing healthcare access, the platform empowered patients while helping doctors reach new patients more efficiently. Another rising player is Advantis Medical Imaging, a startup leveraging cloud-based technology to improve MRI and CT scan analysis. Their software solutions make medical imaging more accurate, collaborative, and cost-effective—helping hospitals and clinics upgrade their services without massive investments in infrastructure.
These healthcare startups also benefited from Greece’s strong talent pool in medical research and technology. Many founders came from academic backgrounds, combining scientific knowledge with entrepreneurial drive. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital adoption in healthcare, giving Greek startups an opportunity to expand faster both domestically and abroad. Their ability to address universal problems—such as access to doctors, efficient diagnostics, and patient data management—positioned them well for international growth.
Doctoranytime: Online booking platform offering transparency and convenience for patients.
Advantis Medical Imaging: Cloud-based diagnostic imaging software enhancing accuracy and collaboration.
CareAcross: Digital platform providing cancer patients with personalized medical information and support.
BookingClinic: Platform connecting patients with specialized medical clinics across Europe.
Healthcare Challenge Startup Solution
Long waiting times Doctoranytime’s instant booking system
Expensive diagnostic tools Advantis’s affordable cloud-based imaging
Lack of patient guidance CareAcross’s personalized cancer support
Limited access to specialists BookingClinic’s cross-border healthcare options
The healthcare industry in Greece is proving to be fertile ground for digital transformation. These successful startups in Greece demonstrate that even in traditionally conservative sectors, innovation can flourish. By solving pressing healthcare problems with scalable solutions, they not only enhance local wellbeing but also showcase Greece’s potential as a hub for healthtech innovation. In the next section, we’ll analyze how Greek startups are leveraging fintech to reshape financial services.
Successful Startups in Greece Transforming Fintech
The financial crisis in Greece created deep mistrust in traditional banks and financial institutions. At the same time, it opened the door for a new wave of successful startups in Greece operating in fintech. These companies introduced digital-first solutions that improved financial inclusion, simplified transactions, and offered modern alternatives to outdated systems. Their rise reflects how innovation often grows strongest in the face of broken systems.
One example is Viva Wallet, Greece’s first neobank, which provides businesses and individuals with digital banking services, payment solutions, and debit cards. Its rapid expansion across Europe proved that Greek fintech could compete internationally. Another key player is Plum, a personal finance app co-founded by a Greek entrepreneur, designed to automate savings and investments using artificial intelligence. Both companies illustrate how fintech startups addressed gaps left by traditional financial systems and responded to consumer demands for transparency, speed, and mobility.
The growth of fintech in Greece has been fueled by EU regulations such as PSD2, which promoted open banking and encouraged startups to innovate. Moreover, Greek consumers once skeptical of digital finance began adopting mobile payments, online wallets, and peer-to-peer transfers at record speed, especially during the pandemic. This shift created fertile ground for startups to scale rapidly and secure investor backing.
Viva Wallet: Digital-first banking and payment platform expanding across Europe.
Plum: AI-powered personal finance assistant helping users save and invest automatically.
Praxis: Online payments company specializing in iGaming and high-risk industries.
Finloup: Buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) service for Greek and European consumers.
Financial Challenge Startup Solution
Lack of trust in banks Viva Wallet’s transparent, digital-first services
Low savings rates Plum’s AI-driven savings automation
Limited online payment options Praxis’s global payment gateway
Consumer credit barriers Finloup’s BNPL flexible financing
The rise of fintech highlights how successful startups in Greece turned financial uncertainty into a catalyst for innovation. By leveraging technology to build trust, speed, and convenience, they not only modernized Greece’s financial landscape but also established a presence across Europe. In the next section, we’ll turn to the role of Greek startups in the energy and sustainability sector, an area with increasing global relevance.
Successful Startups in Greece Driving Energy and Sustainability
As the world shifts toward renewable energy and sustainable practices, Greece has become a promising ground for innovation in this sector. High energy costs, dependence on imports, and EU climate commitments created both challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurs. Out of this context, several successful startups in Greece emerged, offering green technologies and digital solutions that support the country’s energy transition while appealing to global markets.
One notable example is Heliix, a cleantech startup developing AI-driven energy management systems for buildings. By analyzing consumption patterns, it helps companies and households cut energy costs while reducing emissions. Another key player is Envision Digital Greece, which focuses on smart grids and IoT-enabled energy monitoring. These startups not only address local challenges such as energy inefficiency but also provide scalable solutions for European cities striving to meet sustainability targets.
Renewable energy startups have also gained momentum. Companies like Thermi Sun work on solar-powered solutions, while innovative recycling and circular economy ventures such as Polygreen focus on waste management and sustainable resource use. By tapping into Greece’s abundant natural resources—sunlight, wind, and coastline—entrepreneurs have found a way to align economic growth with environmental responsibility.
Heliix: AI-powered energy management for businesses and households.
Envision Digital Greece: Smart grids and IoT-enabled energy platforms.
Thermi Sun: Solar solutions tailored for Greece’s climate.
Polygreen: Circular economy startup promoting sustainable waste management.
Sustainability Challenge Startup Solution
High energy costs Heliix’s AI-driven energy savings
Inefficient energy grids Envision Digital’s smart grid technology
Dependence on fossil fuels Thermi Sun’s solar alternatives
Waste and pollution Polygreen’s recycling and circular solutions
The growing focus on sustainability demonstrates how successful startups in Greece are not only solving local problems but also contributing to global climate goals. With strong EU support for green innovation and Greece’s natural advantages, the sector is set to expand further. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups in education technology (EdTech) are shaping the future of learning.
Successful Startups in Greece Shaping the Future of EdTech
Education has always been a cornerstone of Greek society, but the traditional system faced challenges such as outdated teaching methods, limited access to resources, and high competition for academic success. These gaps gave rise to a wave of successful startups in Greece within the education technology (EdTech) sector. By embracing digital platforms, interactive learning, and personalized education, these startups are transforming the way students, teachers, and professionals approach learning.
One standout company is LearnWorlds, a platform enabling educators and businesses to create and sell online courses. Its user-friendly design and strong analytics tools have made it a global player, serving trainers, universities, and enterprises worldwide. Another key example is Hack The Box, a cybersecurity training platform gamifying the learning process for IT professionals. By creating realistic hacking simulations, it built an international community of learners and positioned itself as one of the top cybersecurity training startups globally.
Other ventures such as StudySmart focus on professional certifications, offering digital preparation courses for ACCA, CFA, and other qualifications. Meanwhile, platforms like Kidoplanet introduce children to STEM education through interactive games and online resources. These startups combine Greece’s strong academic tradition with modern technology to create solutions that are not only relevant locally but also scalable to international markets.
LearnWorlds: Global e-learning platform for educators and businesses.
Hack The Box: Gamified cybersecurity training with a global community.
StudySmart: Professional certification training with digital-first delivery.
Kidoplanet: STEM-based interactive learning for children.
Education Challenge Startup Solution
Outdated teaching methods LearnWorlds’ interactive online learning
Lack of practical IT training Hack The Box’s gamified simulations
Limited access to certification prep StudySmart’s online professional courses
Low early exposure to STEM Kidoplanet’s child-focused STEM content
The rise of EdTech highlights how successful startups in Greece are using technology to bridge educational gaps and prepare both youth and professionals for the future. With global demand for digital learning continuing to grow, Greek EdTech startups are positioned to expand their reach far beyond national borders. In the next section, we’ll examine how Greek startups in shipping and logistics are modernizing a traditional industry.
Successful Startups in Greece Modernizing Shipping and Logistics
Shipping has been the backbone of Greece’s economy for centuries, with the country being home to one of the world’s largest merchant fleets. However, the industry has long struggled with inefficiencies, outdated processes, and high operational costs. This environment created fertile ground for a new wave of successful startups in Greece focusing on shipping and logistics. By introducing digital platforms, automation, and data-driven solutions, these companies are helping a traditional sector transition into the digital era.
One of the leading players is MarineTraffic, a global platform providing real-time ship tracking using AIS (Automatic Identification System) technology. Its tools are now used by shipping companies, insurers, and even governments worldwide to monitor fleet movements and optimize operations. Another major example is ShipReality, which applies virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to maritime training and ship design—cutting costs and improving safety for crews and operators.
Other logistics startups such as VesselBot leverage AI to optimize container shipping and reduce fuel consumption, while Logistech focuses on digital freight management for road and maritime transport. These innovations are particularly important for Greece, given its strategic location as a trade hub connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa. By solving inefficiencies, Greek startups are making shipping more sustainable, cost-effective, and competitive on a global scale.
MarineTraffic: Global ship-tracking and fleet management platform.
ShipReality: VR/AR solutions for maritime training and ship design.
VesselBot: AI-powered optimization for container shipping.
Logistech: Digital freight and logistics management platform.
Shipping/Logistics Challenge Startup Solution
Lack of transparency in ship movements MarineTraffic’s real-time tracking
High training costs ShipReality’s VR/AR training modules
Fuel inefficiency VesselBot’s AI-driven optimization
Complex freight management Logistech’s digital platform
These innovations show how successful startups in Greece are rethinking one of the country’s oldest and most important industries. By combining Greece’s maritime heritage with modern technology, they are ensuring the sector remains competitive in an increasingly digital and sustainable world. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups are boosting the agri-food sector with technology and innovation.
Successful Startups in Greece Innovating the Agri-Food Sector
Agriculture and food production have always been vital pillars of the Greek economy, with olive oil, wine, and fresh produce forming the country’s global identity. Yet, like many traditional sectors, agri-food has faced challenges such as fragmented supply chains, inefficiencies in production, and the growing demand for sustainable practices. Out of these needs, a wave of successful startups in Greece emerged, using technology to modernize farming, improve food distribution, and strengthen Greece’s global reputation as a provider of high-quality products.
One leading example is AgroApps, a startup specializing in satellite-based and data-driven solutions for precision farming. By offering farmers real-time insights on crop health, irrigation, and soil conditions, AgroApps helps optimize resources while boosting productivity. Another key player is Grekaddict, which connects travelers with authentic food experiences, linking local producers directly with consumers and tourists seeking farm-to-table authenticity. These innovations show how Greek startups are merging tradition with technology to add value across the supply chain.
Foodtech companies have also gained ground. Yoleni’s, an e-commerce platform for Greek gourmet products, enables small producers to access global markets. Similarly, FoodOxys, a biotech startup from Thessaloniki, measures antioxidant levels in food, contributing to the health and wellness market. These ventures highlight how the agri-food sector in Greece is moving beyond farming to encompass technology, e-commerce, and biotechnology.
AgroApps: Precision agriculture powered by satellite data and analytics.
Grekaddict: Connecting travelers with authentic Greek food and farming experiences.
Yoleni’s: Online marketplace for premium Greek gourmet products.
FoodOxys: Biotech solutions measuring nutritional value and antioxidants in food.
Agri-Food Challenge Startup Solution
Inefficient farming methods AgroApps’ precision agriculture tools
Limited global market access Yoleni’s online export marketplace
Consumer demand for authentic experiences Grekaddict’s farm-to-table offerings
Lack of nutrition transparency FoodOxys’ biotech nutritional analysis
Through a blend of tradition and innovation, these successful startups in Greece are redefining the agri-food sector. By introducing precision farming, direct-to-consumer models, and biotech innovations, they are ensuring that Greek agriculture remains competitive and sustainable in a globalized market. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups in creative industries and media are making their mark internationally.
Successful Startups in Greece Thriving in Creative Industries and Media
Greece has always been a country with a rich cultural heritage, from ancient arts and literature to modern cinema and design. In recent years, this tradition has blended with digital technology, giving rise to successful startups in Greece within the creative industries and media sector. These companies leverage storytelling, design, and digital platforms to reach both local and global audiences, proving that creativity can be a powerful driver of innovation and economic growth.
One standout example is Avokiddo, an award-winning app studio that creates educational and entertainment apps for children. Their products have gained global recognition for blending learning with fun in an engaging, interactive way. Another success story is Radiojar, a cloud-based platform for managing and streaming online radio stations. By simplifying broadcasting tools, it opened opportunities for independent creators and large media companies alike to connect with audiences worldwide.
In the field of content creation, Insurmus has developed immersive digital storytelling experiences, combining media, technology, and culture. Meanwhile, creative agencies like DesignMinds have expanded beyond Greece to provide branding, UX/UI design, and media production services to international clients. These startups reflect the potential of Greece to export not only physical products but also creative digital experiences that resonate globally.
Avokiddo: Interactive and educational apps for children with global reach.
Radiojar: Cloud platform for online radio broadcasting and management.
Insurmus: Storytelling and media innovation using immersive technologies.
DesignMinds: Creative design and branding services for international businesses.
Creative Industry Challenge Startup Solution
Limited access to global markets Avokiddo’s app distribution and global recognition
Complex broadcasting tools Radiojar’s simplified online radio management
Need for engaging digital content Insurmus’s immersive media experiences
High demand for design and branding DesignMinds’ creative digital services
These successful startups in Greece highlight how creativity, when combined with technology, can generate both cultural and economic value. By building platforms and products that resonate with international audiences, they are helping position Greece as not only a historical cultural hub but also a modern creative powerhouse. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups in biotech and life sciences are making groundbreaking contributions.
Successful Startups in Greece Advancing Biotech and Life Sciences
Biotechnology and life sciences are industries with enormous potential for innovation, and in Greece, this sector has gained momentum in recent years. The combination of strong academic research, skilled scientists, and access to EU research funding has allowed a number of successful startups in Greece to emerge. These companies focus on pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, medical devices, and biotech research, bringing new solutions to both local and international markets.
One example is Bioemtech, a startup specializing in imaging technologies for preclinical research. Their innovative platform allows scientists to study diseases and potential treatments in real time, accelerating the drug development process. Another key player is Respirometrics, which develops diagnostic tools for respiratory conditions, providing faster and more accurate assessments for patients. Both startups highlight how Greek entrepreneurs are turning scientific expertise into commercially viable products.
In the field of nutrition and health, companies like FoodOxys (mentioned earlier in agri-food) overlap with biotech by analyzing antioxidant and nutritional properties in food. Similarly, Pharmathen, one of Greece’s leading pharmaceutical innovators, invests heavily in R&D, producing advanced drug formulations exported worldwide. These ventures show that Greek life sciences startups are not only enhancing healthcare but also contributing to global innovation pipelines.
Bioemtech: Real-time imaging solutions for preclinical drug research.
Respirometrics: Diagnostic devices for respiratory health monitoring.
FoodOxys: Biotech applications for nutritional analysis in food.
Pharmathen: International pharmaceutical company with strong R&D focus.
Biotech Challenge Startup Solution
Slow drug development processes Bioemtech’s real-time imaging technology
Difficulty diagnosing respiratory diseases Respirometrics’ portable diagnostic tools
Growing demand for nutrition science FoodOxys’ antioxidant measurement tools
Need for advanced pharmaceuticals Pharmathen’s export-ready drug innovations
These successful startups in Greece prove that biotech and life sciences are areas where the country can compete internationally, leveraging its scientific expertise and EU funding opportunities. With global demand for medical innovation increasing, Greek startups in this sector are well-positioned to make significant contributions. In the next section, we’ll examine how Greek startups in artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics are pushing technological boundaries.
Successful Startups in Greece Leading Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics
Artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics are among the fastest-growing fields globally, and Greek entrepreneurs have embraced this trend with remarkable innovation. Despite limited resources compared to larger tech hubs, several successful startups in Greece have built cutting-edge AI solutions that serve international markets. Their expertise spans predictive analytics, computer vision, natural language processing, and big data platforms areas with wide applications across industries.
One standout example is Think Silicon, a company specializing in ultra-low-power graphics and AI technology for wearables and IoT devices. Its products were so groundbreaking that it was eventually acquired by Applied Materials, validating the global relevance of Greek AI innovation. Another notable startup is Behavioral Signals, which uses AI to analyze voice interactions, providing insights into emotions and behavioral patterns. Its technology has been applied in customer service and financial services to enhance decision-making and user engagement.
In the big data space, Crowdpolicy develops platforms that use data analytics and AI to improve civic engagement, enabling governments and organizations to make better decisions through participatory models. Similarly, DeepSea Technologies applies AI to the shipping industry, optimizing fuel consumption and vessel performance. These companies highlight how Greek startups are combining domain expertise with AI to disrupt traditional industries.
Think Silicon: Low-power AI and graphics tech for IoT, acquired by Applied Materials.
Behavioral Signals: AI-driven emotion and speech recognition platform.
Crowdpolicy: Data-driven civic tech solutions for governments and organizations.
DeepSea Technologies: AI optimization for maritime efficiency and sustainability.
AI/Data Challenge Startup Solution
Energy limits in IoT devices Think Silicon’s low-power AI processors
Understanding human emotions at scale Behavioral Signals’ speech emotion AI
Lack of civic participation Crowdpolicy’s participatory digital platforms
High fuel costs in shipping DeepSea’s AI-powered vessel optimization
These successful startups in Greece demonstrate how AI and data analytics are enabling breakthroughs across diverse industries. From healthcare and government to maritime and IoT, Greek entrepreneurs are proving that advanced technology can emerge from unexpected ecosystems. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups in retail and e-commerce are reshaping consumer experiences.
Successful Startups in Greece Redefining Retail and E-Commerce
The retail and e-commerce landscape in Greece underwent rapid transformation during and after the financial crisis. Limited consumer spending and the rise of digital adoption pushed businesses to innovate. Out of these conditions, a wave of successful startups in Greece emerged, reshaping how people shop, pay, and interact with brands. By focusing on convenience, affordability, and digital-first experiences, these startups bridged the gap between traditional retail and modern consumer expectations.
One of the most prominent examples is e-Food, which started as a local food delivery platform and quickly grew into a household name before being acquired by Delivery Hero. Its success lies in adapting to Greek consumer needs while building scalable systems. Another strong player is Skroutz, Greece’s leading e-commerce marketplace and price comparison platform. Skroutz has empowered millions of users to find the best deals online, transforming consumer behavior and building trust in online shopping.
Other startups, such as BoxNow, are tackling logistics by offering smart locker delivery systems, making last-mile delivery more efficient and consumer-friendly. Meanwhile, Instashop—though originally founded in the UAE by Greek entrepreneurs—illustrates how Greek talent has shaped global e-commerce by redefining grocery delivery services in multiple countries. Together, these startups showcase the evolution of retail in Greece from brick-and-mortar dominance to a thriving digital-first ecosystem.
e-Food: Online food delivery platform acquired by Delivery Hero.
Skroutz: Price comparison and e-commerce marketplace with millions of users.
BoxNow: Smart locker solution for last-mile delivery challenges.
Instashop: Grocery delivery app founded by Greek entrepreneurs, scaled globally.
Retail Challenge Startup Solution
Low trust in online shopping Skroutz’s reliable marketplace and price comparison
Changing food consumption habits e-Food’s easy-to-use delivery platform
Last-mile delivery inefficiency BoxNow’s automated smart lockers
Need for convenience in groceries Instashop’s app-based grocery delivery
The rise of e-commerce demonstrates how successful startups in Greece leveraged consumer behavior shifts to create scalable businesses. With online shopping continuing to grow rapidly across Europe, Greek retail tech companies are well-positioned to expand their influence even further. In the next section, we’ll look at how Greek startups in mobility and transportation are driving smarter cities.
Successful Startups in Greece Driving Mobility and Transportation Innovation
Mobility has become a global challenge, with cities striving to reduce congestion, cut emissions, and improve public transport efficiency. Greece, with its dense urban centers like Athens and Thessaloniki, has faced these same issues. Out of these challenges, a new generation of successful startups in Greece has emerged, offering innovative solutions that reshape how people and goods move across cities and beyond.
The most famous example is Beat (formerly Taxibeat), the ride-hailing app founded in Athens that expanded rapidly into Latin America before being acquired by Free Now. Beat’s success story remains one of the brightest milestones in the Greek startup ecosystem, proving that mobility solutions from Greece can thrive internationally. Another key player is Welcome Pickups, which transforms airport transfers and city travel into personalized experiences for tourists, blending convenience with local hospitality.
On the logistics side, startups such as Convert Group provide data-driven insights for e-commerce and last-mile delivery optimization, while ParcelHive develops smart parcel lockers to streamline delivery networks. These solutions highlight how Greek entrepreneurs are addressing both passenger mobility and freight efficiency—two critical elements of modern urban life.
Beat: Ride-hailing platform turned international success, acquired by Free Now.
Welcome Pickups: Personalized transfers and travel experiences for tourists.
Convert Group: Data analytics improving e-commerce and logistics efficiency.
ParcelHive: Smart parcel lockers for modern delivery networks.
Mobility/Transport Challenge Startup Solution
Urban congestion and lack of transport options Beat’s ride-hailing innovation
Tourist travel inefficiencies Welcome Pickups’ personalized transfer services
Rising e-commerce delivery demands Convert Group’s logistics and data optimization
Last-mile delivery challenges ParcelHive’s automated locker systems
These successful startups in Greece show how mobility innovation is not just about moving faster—it’s about creating smarter, greener, and more user-friendly systems. By combining technology with Greece’s unique position as a hub for tourism and trade, these companies are setting the stage for smarter cities. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups in cybersecurity are safeguarding the digital economy.
Successful Startups in Greece Strengthening Cybersecurity
As digital transformation accelerates across industries, cybersecurity has become a top priority for businesses and governments worldwide. Greece, with its growing ecosystem of tech companies and startups, has not been left behind. Several successful startups in Greece are addressing the increasing demand for digital security solutions, helping organizations safeguard sensitive data, prevent cyberattacks, and comply with international security standards.
One of the most notable examples is Hack The Box, a gamified cybersecurity training platform founded in Greece. It provides professionals and companies with hands-on hacking simulations to strengthen their defenses against real-world threats. With a rapidly growing international user base, Hack The Box has become a global leader in cybersecurity education. Another important player is Cognitive Intelligence, which develops AI-powered tools for threat detection and fraud prevention, used by enterprises and financial institutions.
Other rising startups include Obrela Security Industries, specializing in managed security services for large organizations, and Codename Security, which focuses on penetration testing and vulnerability assessment. These companies not only serve domestic clients but also expand into international markets where demand for cybersecurity expertise continues to grow.
Hack The Box: Gamified cybersecurity training platform with global reach.
Cognitive Intelligence: AI-driven fraud detection and threat monitoring.
Obrela Security Industries: Managed security services for enterprises.
Codename Security: Penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
Cybersecurity Challenge Startup Solution
Shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals Hack The Box’s hands-on training simulations
Increasing online fraud Cognitive Intelligence’s AI fraud detection
Complex enterprise security needs Obrela’s managed security services
Undetected vulnerabilities in systems Codename Security’s penetration testing
The emergence of these successful startups in Greece highlights the country’s growing role in the global fight against cybercrime. By combining technical expertise, AI-driven solutions, and scalable platforms, Greek entrepreneurs are strengthening digital trust and resilience. In the next section, we’ll turn to how Greek startups are fostering innovation in the creative economy through gaming and digital entertainment.
Successful Startups in Greece Innovating Gaming and Digital Entertainment
The gaming and digital entertainment industry is booming worldwide, and Greece has begun carving out its place within this competitive sector. With a strong pool of creative talent, skilled developers, and growing international demand, several successful startups in Greece are producing games, platforms, and entertainment technologies that reach audiences far beyond the country’s borders.
One notable example is Avokiddo, previously mentioned in creative industries, which has also made a global impact in gaming with its award-winning educational apps for children. Another rising star is Traptics, an indie game development studio producing narrative-driven and visually compelling games for global distribution. Their success shows how Greek studios are combining storytelling, design, and technology to appeal to international gamers.
Beyond traditional gaming, Kamibu has developed immersive mobile games and VR experiences, targeting both entertainment and education markets. Meanwhile, MagicVentures focuses on interactive digital storytelling and gamification platforms used by companies to boost customer engagement and employee training. These innovations highlight how Greek startups are tapping into both consumer and enterprise markets within digital entertainment.
Avokiddo: Educational and interactive gaming apps for children with worldwide reach.
Traptics: Indie game studio creating narrative-driven titles for global audiences.
Kamibu: Developer of mobile and VR games blending entertainment and learning.
MagicVentures: Gamification and storytelling platforms for businesses and brands.
Entertainment Challenge Startup Solution
Need for engaging educational tools Avokiddo’s fun and interactive learning games
Lack of indie presence in global markets Traptics’ narrative-driven indie games
Demand for immersive experiences Kamibu’s VR and mobile entertainment
Low customer engagement with brands MagicVentures’ gamification solutions
These successful startups in Greece prove that the country’s creative and technical talent can compete in the global gaming and entertainment industry. By merging storytelling with cutting-edge technology, Greek startups are not only entertaining but also educating and engaging users worldwide. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups are fostering innovation in environmental and marine technologies.
Successful Startups in Greece Innovating Environmental and Marine Technologies
With its extensive coastline, rich biodiversity, and reliance on marine resources, Greece is uniquely positioned to become a leader in environmental and marine innovation. In recent years, several successful startups in Greece have emerged to tackle pressing challenges such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change. By leveraging technology and scientific expertise, these ventures are creating scalable solutions that not only benefit Greece but also contribute to global sustainability goals.
One remarkable example is Enaleia, a social startup focused on reducing plastic pollution in the seas. By working with fishermen, Enaleia collects ocean plastic and recycles it into useful products, turning an environmental crisis into a circular economy opportunity. Another innovative company is MarineTraffic, already recognized for its global ship-tracking services, which also plays a role in environmental monitoring by helping reduce fuel consumption and emissions in maritime transport.
Startups such as Poseidon Analytics use AI and big data to analyze marine ecosystems and optimize fishing practices, while EcoMarine develops eco-friendly materials and solutions for sustainable shipping. These ventures showcase how Greek entrepreneurs are applying technology to preserve natural resources while ensuring long-term economic viability in marine-related industries.
Enaleia: Collecting and recycling ocean plastic with fishermen partnerships.
MarineTraffic: Ship-tracking and environmental monitoring for cleaner shipping.
Poseidon Analytics: AI-driven marine data for sustainable fishing and ecosystem protection.
EcoMarine: Eco-friendly innovations for the shipping industry.
Environmental/Marine Challenge Startup Solution
Plastic pollution in seas Enaleia’s recycling and circular economy initiatives
High emissions in shipping MarineTraffic’s tracking for efficiency and fuel savings
Overfishing and ecosystem damage Poseidon Analytics’ data-driven fishing insights
Need for greener shipping EcoMarine’s sustainable materials and solutions
These successful startups in Greece demonstrate that environmental and marine innovation is not only necessary for ecological reasons but also a strong business opportunity. By combining Greece’s maritime heritage with modern technology, these startups are setting examples that can be replicated worldwide. In the next section, we’ll highlight how Greek startups are empowering women and diversity in entrepreneurship.
Successful Startups in Greece Empowering Women and Diversity in Entrepreneurship
Diversity and inclusion are increasingly recognized as vital drivers of innovation in the global startup ecosystem. In Greece, where entrepreneurship has often been male-dominated, recent years have seen the rise of successful startups in Greece founded or led by women and diverse teams. These ventures not only challenge traditional barriers but also create business models that reflect inclusivity, collaboration, and new perspectives—qualities essential for long-term success.
One notable example is Workathlon, a recruitment platform for the hospitality industry founded by Maria Diamanti. By focusing on personalized hiring solutions, the company has disrupted a sector that is central to the Greek economy. Another success story is Clio Muse Tours, co-founded by women entrepreneurs, offering digital cultural tours and storytelling experiences for travelers around the world. Their global reach shows how inclusivity in leadership translates into innovative products with international appeal.
In the fintech space, startups like Finloup and Plum include female leaders in key roles, demonstrating how diverse teams can strengthen decision-making and investor confidence. Additionally, initiatives such as Women on Top and Greek Women in Tech have supported the growth of female-founded startups, building a pipeline of talent and mentorship that is reshaping the Greek entrepreneurial landscape.
Workathlon: Female led startup transforming recruitment in the hospitality sector.
Clio Muse Tours: Women co-founded platform offering digital cultural storytelling worldwide.
Plum: Fintech with diverse leadership driving global adoption.
Greek Women in Tech: Community fostering female entrepreneurship and innovation.
Diversity Challenge Startup/Initiative Solution
Underrepresentation of women in startups Workathlon’s female-led leadership
Lack of global visibility for female entrepreneurs Clio Muse Tours’ international expansion
Gender gap in fintech leadership Plum’s inclusion of diverse executive roles
Need for mentorship and community Greek Women in Tech’s support network
These successful startups in Greece illustrate how diversity and inclusion fuel innovation, resilience, and international competitiveness. By creating pathways for women and underrepresented groups, Greece’s startup ecosystem is becoming more dynamic and sustainable. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups are collaborating with universities and research centers to drive innovation.
Successful Startups in Greece Collaborating with Universities and Research Centers
Universities and research centers have always been engines of knowledge, but in Greece, they are increasingly becoming springboards for entrepreneurial innovation. Strong academic expertise in engineering, medicine, and science has fueled a new wave of successful startups in Greece that were born directly out of research labs and university partnerships. These collaborations bridge the gap between theory and practice, helping researchers commercialize their discoveries while giving startups access to cutting-edge facilities and talent.
One example is Think Silicon, which originated from academic research and later grew into a global leader in low-power graphics and AI technology before being acquired by Applied Materials. Another case is Bioemtech, which spun out of research collaborations to provide real-time imaging solutions for preclinical drug testing. Both cases highlight how Greek universities are increasingly producing commercially viable ventures with global reach.
In addition to individual startups, structured initiatives like ACEin (Athens Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation) and Thinc Lab at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki provide mentorship, incubator programs, and networking opportunities for student and faculty entrepreneurs. EU-backed funding for research commercialization has further accelerated this trend, making Greek academic spin-offs more competitive in international markets.
Think Silicon: University research spin-off in graphics and AI, later acquired globally.
Bioemtech: Research-driven biotech startup for medical imaging solutions.
ACEin: University incubator supporting student-founded ventures.
Thinc Lab: Research-based innovation hub in Thessaloniki.
Academic/Startup Challenge Solution Through Collaboration
Research findings not commercialized Spin-offs like Think Silicon bringing research to market
Lack of funding for early-stage ideas University incubators like ACEin offering seed support
Limited entrepreneurial training in academia Thinc Lab’s mentorship and workshops
Need for biotech innovation Bioemtech’s research-to-market journey
These examples prove that collaboration between academia and entrepreneurship is a vital driver of innovation. By combining deep research with market-driven strategies, successful startups in Greece are turning intellectual capital into scalable businesses. In the next section, we’ll examine how Greek startups are positioning themselves as leaders in climate tech and sustainability innovation.
Successful Startups in Greece Leading Climate Tech and Sustainability Innovation
Climate change is one of the greatest global challenges of our time, and startups around the world are racing to develop solutions that reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and promote sustainable practices. Greece, with its unique geographical advantages and increasing focus on green growth, has given rise to several successful startups in Greece that are pioneering climate tech and sustainability innovation. These companies not only support local communities but also scale their impact internationally.
One leading example is Heliix, which develops AI-powered energy management platforms to optimize consumption in buildings and reduce emissions. Another strong player is Enaleia, already recognized for its work in marine sustainability by turning collected ocean plastics into new products. Their efforts directly support the EU’s Green Deal goals and position Greece as a contributor to global environmental solutions.
Additionally, startups like Sustainable Food Movement Greece work on reducing food waste through education and digital solutions, while Polygreen has introduced circular economy practices in waste management and recycling. These ventures prove that climate tech is not just about energy but also about rethinking consumption, production, and waste management systems at large.
Heliix: AI-based building energy optimization for reduced emissions.
Enaleia: Circular economy solutions through ocean plastic recycling.
Sustainable Food Movement Greece: Digital tools and campaigns to reduce food waste.
Polygreen: Waste management startup promoting circular economy models.
Climate/Sustainability Challenge Startup Solution
High carbon emissions from buildings Heliix’s AI-driven energy management
Marine pollution from plastics Enaleia’s ocean cleanup and recycling
Food waste in supply chains Sustainable Food Movement Greece’s reduction programs
Overreliance on landfills Polygreen’s circular waste management
These successful startups in Greece demonstrate how innovation can tackle environmental challenges while generating sustainable economic value. With strong EU backing for climate tech and a growing global demand for green solutions, Greek startups in this field are set to play an increasingly important role on the international stage. In the next section, we’ll explore how Greek startups are building resilience through international partnerships and collaborations.
Successful Startups in Greece Building Global Partnerships and Collaborations
In today’s interconnected economy, no startup can thrive in isolation. International partnerships provide access to capital, markets, expertise, and credibility. Over the past decade, many successful startups in Greece have leveraged collaborations with global corporations, accelerators, and research institutions to scale faster and compete internationally. These alliances not only validate their business models but also amplify Greece’s presence on the global entrepreneurial map.
One of the most prominent examples is Beat, which expanded into Latin America by partnering with regional investors and eventually joined forces with Free Now under the BMW-Daimler umbrella. Similarly, Softomotive, a pioneer in robotic process automation, collaborated with international enterprises before being acquired by Microsoft in 2020—an exit that strengthened Greece’s reputation in deep tech. These cases illustrate how strategic partnerships can transform startups from local players into global success stories.
Greek startups also benefit from collaborations with EU-funded programs and international accelerators. For instance, Endeavor Greece has connected local founders with mentors and investors worldwide, while partnerships with institutions like MIT Enterprise Forum and European Innovation Council provide access to advanced resources and markets. Diaspora networks, particularly Greek entrepreneurs abroad, also play a critical role in opening doors for partnerships in sectors such as fintech, healthtech, and clean energy.
Beat: Expanded globally through partnerships and later acquired by Free Now.
Softomotive: International collaborations paved the way for Microsoft acquisition.
Endeavor Greece: Linking Greek founders with global mentors and investors.
MIT Enterprise Forum Greece: Providing international exposure and training.
Startup Need Partnership Strategy
Expansion to foreign markets Beat’s alliances in Latin America
Access to enterprise clients Softomotive’s collaborations before acquisition
Mentorship and scaling support Endeavor Greece’s global network
Research and innovation resources MIT Enterprise Forum Greece’s ecosystem
These successful startups in Greece prove that partnerships are essential for scaling beyond borders. By connecting with international corporations, accelerators, and research hubs, Greek founders are turning local ideas into globally competitive businesses. In the next section, we’ll conclude by analyzing the future outlook for Greek startups and their role in the global innovation landscape.
The Future of Successful Startups in Greece
The journey of successful startups in Greece over the past decade has been shaped by resilience, creativity, and global ambition. From the ashes of economic crisis, Greece has managed to build an ecosystem that nurtures innovation across diverse sectors such as fintech, tourism, healthtech, climate tech, and artificial intelligence. The success stories of companies like Beat, Blueground, Moosend, and Hack The Box prove that Greece is no longer just a consumer of global innovation—it is also a producer and exporter of it.
Looking ahead, several trends are expected to define the next chapter of Greek entrepreneurship. First, sustainability and climate tech will gain momentum as the EU continues to support green innovation. Greek startups like Enaleia and Heliix are already aligning with these priorities, making the country a potential hub for climate-driven solutions. Second, the integration of AI and data analytics will open new opportunities for both established companies and emerging ventures, particularly in shipping, healthcare, and civic tech.
Another critical driver will be international partnerships and diaspora engagement. As more Greeks abroad connect back to the ecosystem through investment and mentorship, local founders will gain greater access to markets and resources. Government support, combined with EU funding, is also likely to remain a key factor in accelerating growth. At the same time, challenges such as limited exit opportunities, brain drain, and dependence on external capital will need to be addressed for the ecosystem to mature sustainably.
Climate tech expansion: Growth in sustainability-driven startups supported by EU programs.
AI integration: Increased use of AI and data-driven innovation in key industries.
Stronger global ties: Partnerships with international corporations and accelerators fueling growth.
Diaspora engagement: Greek entrepreneurs abroad continuing to support local innovation.
Future Trend Expected Impact on Greek Startups
EU Green Deal Boost for climate tech and sustainability ventures
AI & Automation Scaling opportunities in healthcare, shipping, and fintech
International Collaborations Greater funding and global expansion
Diaspora Networks New mentorship and capital inflows
The future of successful startups in Greece looks promising. With an ecosystem that has already proven its resilience, the next decade could see Greece evolve into a recognized European hub for innovation. If local founders continue to leverage their creativity, global mindset, and collaborative spirit, Greece’s startup scene will not only contribute to economic growth at home but also make a lasting impact on the global stage.
FAQ
Are successful startups in Greece still active after the economic crisis?
Yes. Many successful startups in Greece not only survived the crisis but became international players. Companies like Beat and Blueground attracted major investments and expanded globally once the economy stabilized.
Which industries have driven the growth of Greek startups?
Tourism, fintech, healthtech, AI, and clean energy have been the most dynamic sectors. By leveraging local strengths and addressing domestic needs first, startups were able to scale internationally.
How did Greek startups manage to attract foreign investors?
They focused on scalable business models, international-minded teams, and clear traction data such as revenue growth and user adoption. Support from EU funds and prior success stories also helped build investor confidence.
What opportunities exist in Greece’s startup ecosystem today?
Significant opportunities lie in renewable energy, digital tourism, healthcare technology, logistics, and AI-driven solutions. Programs like EquiFund, Endeavor Greece, and Egg Accelerator provide funding, mentorship, and networks to support new ventures.
Can Greece compete with hubs like Silicon Valley or Berlin?
While smaller in market size, Greece offers competitive advantages such as lower operating costs, a highly educated workforce, and a strategic geographic location connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa. This positions Greece as an emerging hub within Europe.
Conclusion
The rise of successful startups in Greece is a remarkable story of resilience and reinvention. From a nation once associated with financial collapse, Greece has transformed into a growing hub of innovation with startups spanning tourism, fintech, SaaS, biotech, AI, and climate tech. These ventures show how crises can act as catalysts for creativity and economic renewal.
Several key drivers fueled this transformation: EU-backed funding programs, government initiatives, the return of investor confidence, and a young, internationally educated talent pool. Together, they laid the foundation for Greece’s entrepreneurial ecosystem to flourish beyond traditional sectors.
Case studies demonstrate this diversity: Beat revolutionized mobility and achieved a major exit, Blueground redefined long-term rentals worldwide, Moosend built a global SaaS company, and Hack The Box became a leader in cybersecurity training. Meanwhile, startups in sustainability, healthtech, and agri-food are aligning with global megatrends and positioning Greece as a contributor to worldwide innovation.
Challenges remain limited exit opportunities, reliance on EU programs, and brain drain continue to test the ecosystem. Yet, positive trends such as growing VC activity, stronger university-industry collaborations, and diaspora engagement point to a more sustainable future.
Looking ahead, Greece is well positioned to evolve into a recognized European hub for innovation. By continuing to leverage its creativity, global mindset, and collaborative networks, successful startups in Greece can play a central role in shaping the future of entrepreneurship both locally and internationally.
